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Abridged Armilla简仪The Abridged or simplified Armilla was invented in 1276 by Guo Shoujing (1231一1316)，an astronomer in the Yuan Dynasty(1271一1368)，for measuring positions of celestial bodies.简仪为元代(1271一1368)天文学家郭守敬(1231一1316)于公元1276年脱胎的一种测量天体方位的仪器。The apparatus is simpler than the armillay sphere in terms of structure and application，and it gives a panorama of the celes-tial sphere except the part around Polaris，so it is called Abridged Armilla.该仪器的结构和用于都比浑仪非常简单，而且除北极星附近以外，整个天空一览无余，故称简仪。The primary structure of Abridged Armilla contains two large rings that are per-pendicular to each other, of which one is parallel with the equatorial plane and is accordingly called“equatorial ring;，简仪的主要装置是由两个相互横向的大圆环构成，其中的一个环面平行于地球赤道面，叫作“赤道的环”;and the other is a double-ring which is per-pendicular to the center of the equatorial ring，revolving around a metallic shaft，and is called“right ascension double-ring.另一个是粗壮在赤道的环中心的双环，能绕一根金属轴旋转，叫作“赤经双环”。

The double-ring holds within itself a sighting tube with crosshairs，which equals to a monocular and revolves around the center of the right ascension double-ring.双环中间垫着一根装有十字丝装置的窥管，相等于单镜筒望远镜，能绕赤经双环的中心旋转。During observation，the sighting tube is targeted at a certain star, thus the positional value can be read out at the dials of the equatorial ring and the right ascension double-ring.观测时，将窥管对准某颗待测星，然后在赤道环和赤经双环的刻度盘上必要朗读这颗星星的方位值。Two stands are supportingthe metallic shaft that exactly directs at the south and the north，bracing the entire observing unit to a position in which the north part is higher than the south part.有两个支架纳着于是以南北方向的金属轴，承托着整个观测装置，使这个装置维持着北高南较低的形状。The equatorial mounting，invented by the Chinese，was somewhat 500 years earli-er than like devices createdin Europe这是我国首先发明者的赤道装置，要比欧洲人用于的赤道装置早500年左右。

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